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The New Paul and Virginia
''The New Paul and Virginia, or Positivism on an Island'' is a satirical dystopian novel written by William Hurrell Mallock, and first published in 1878.〔William Hurrell Mallock, ''The New Paul and Virginia, or Positivism on an Island'', London, Chatto and Windus, 1878.〕 It belongs to the wave of utopian and dystopian literature that characterized the later nineteenth century in both Great Britain〔Matthew Beaumont, ''Utopia Ltd.: Ideologies of Social Dreaming in England 1870–1900'', Leiden, Brill Academic Publishers, 2005.〕 and the United States.〔Kenneth M. Roemer, ''The Obsolete Necessity: America in Utopian Writings, 1888– 1900'', Kent, OH, Kent State University Press, 1976.〕〔Jean Pfaelzer, ''The Utopian Novel in America, 1886–1896: The Politics of Form'', Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1984.〕
==Satire==
Mallock derives the title of his book from Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre's 1787 novel ''Paul et Virginie''. As in that book, Mallock includes a shipwreck and a tropical island, though his satirical outlook is far from Saint-Pierre's earnest idealism.
As his subtitle indicates, Mallock targets the Positivist and Utilitarian thinking of his era for satirical attack. He mentions John Stuart Mill, Auguste Comte, Frederic Harrison, John Tyndall, and Thomas Henry Huxley by name in his text.〔''The New Paul and Virginia'', pp. 17-18, 41, 65 and ff.〕 Consistent with his other works, like his satirical novel ''The New Republic'' (1878), Mallock's stance is that of a conservative and a religious believer. One critic summarized his position: "Comically, but ruthlessly, Mallock exposes the moral vacuity he believes to lie behind the positivist creed," reducing it to "utter absurdity...."〔John M. Christensen, "New Atlantis Revisited: Science and the Victorian Tale of the Future," ''Science Fiction Studies'', Vol. 5 No. 3 (November 1978), pp. 243-9; see p. 247.〕
To support his satire, Mallock closes the novel with a ten-page collection of 29 quotations from positivist and liberal thinkers and writers of Mallock's era, including eleven quotes from Tyndall and nine from Harrison, plus five from Huxley and two each from Harriet Martineau and William Kingdom Clifford.〔''The New Paul and Virginia'', pp. 135-44.〕
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